دانلود کتاب مقدمه ای بر میکروبیولوژی تشخیصی برای علوم آزمایشگاهی Introduction to Diagnostic Microbiology for the Laboratory Sciences 2nd Edition
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توضیحات کتاب:
Introduction to Diagnostic Microbiology for the Laboratory Sciences, Second Edition provides a concise study of clinically significant microorganisms for the medical laboratory student and laboratory practitioner.
Contents: فهرست فصول
1 Taxonomy, the Microbial Cell, Metabolism, and Genetics
The Role of Clinical Microbiology
Classification and Taxonomy
Characteristics of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Bacterial Components
Bacterial Metabolism
Exotoxins and Endotoxins
Introduction to Genetics
Review Questions
References
2 Safety in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory
Laboratory Safety
Regulation
Exposure Control
Safety Education
Universal Precautions and Standard Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment
Engineering Controls
Biosafety Levels
Biological Safety Cabinets (BSC)
Hazardous Materials and Waste Disposal
Post-exposure Plan
Control of Microbial Growth
Selection of Appropriate Disinfectants
Specimen Shipping
Fire Safety
Chemical Safety
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
References
3 Host and Microorganism Interactions
The Infectious Process
Cycle of Infection
Modes of Transmission—Routes of Infection
Primary Pathogens versus Opportunistic Pathogens
Categories of Infection
Healthcare-Associated Infections
Host Defense Mechanisms: The Immune Response
Innate or Natural Immunity
Inflammatory Response
Acquired or Adaptive Immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Virulence Factors
Epidemiologic Terms
Signs and Symptoms of Infection
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
References
4 Specimen Collection and Management
Introduction
General Specimen Guidelines
General Considerations
Specimen Collection Requirements for Specific Sites
Respiratory Tract
Gastrointestinal Tract
Urine
Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Genital Tract
Wounds and Abscesses
Specimen Transport and Processing
Initial Specimen Plating and Identification Methods
Microscopic Examination of Clinical Specimens
Selection and Inoculation of Primary Media
Incubation
Quality Control
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
References
5 Microscopy, Staining, and Direct Examination of Specimens
Microscopy
Brightfield Microscopy
Advanced Microscopy
Direct Examination Methods
Staining Methods and Smears
Bacterial Morphology and Staining
Methylene Blue
Gram Stain
Acid-Fast Stains
Fluorescent Stains
Fungal Stains
Antibody-Conjugated Stains
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
True/False
Short Answer
References
6 Traditional Culture and Identification Methods
Introduction
Colonial Morphology
Hemolysis
Other Colonial Characteristics
Preliminary Biochemical Tests
Carbohydrate Utilization
Catalase
Cytochrome Oxidase
Coagulase
Spot Indole
PYR Hydrolysis
Multitest Systems
Detection of Metabolic Activity
Automated Identification Systems
Automated Systems for Identification
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
Blood Culture Systems
Automated Blood Culture Systems
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Matching
Short Answer
References
7 Immunochemical and Molecular Methods
Immunochemical Methods
Antigens and Antibodies
Immunoserology
Acute and Convalescent Sera
Immunologic Assays
Principles of Reactions
Types of Immunologic Assays
Precipitation
Agglutination Assays
Latex Agglutination
Hemagglutination
Coagglutination
Liposome-Mediated Agglutination
Neutralization Assays
Labeled Immunoassays
Immunofluorescence
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay
Western Blot
Introduction to Molecular Techniques
Hybridization
Amplification Methods
Other Nucleic Acid Amplification Methods
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
True/False
Short Answer
References
8 Antimicrobial Agents and Susceptibility Testing
Overview of Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
Selection of Antibiotics
Categories and Types of Antibiotics
Antimycobacterial Agents
Antifungal Agents
Antiviral Agents
Antibiotic Interactions
Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents
Microorganism-Mediated Resistance: Intrinsic Resistance
Microorganism-Mediated Resistance: Acquired Resistance
Resistance Mechanisms in Specific Antibiotics and Microorganisms
Laboratory Methods for Susceptibility Testing
Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing
Quantitative Dilution Susceptibility Testing
Specific Methods to Determine Bacterial Resistance
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
References
9 Staphylococci and Other Catalase-Positive Gram-Positive Cocci
Gram-Positive Cocci
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Identification
Infectious Processes
Antibiotic Resistance
Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS)
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Laboratory Identification
Specimen Collection and Work-Up
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
10 Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Related Organisms
Streptococcus
Classification
? Hemolytic Streptococcus
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus)
GAS Sequelae
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)
Miscellaneous ? Hemolytic Streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Viridans Streptococci
Streptococcus bovis Group
Enterococcus
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella
Other Catalase-Negative Streptococcal-Like Organisms
Identification
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
11 Neisseria
Characteristics of Neisseria
Identification of Neisseria Species
Virulence Factors
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Infectious Process
Specimen Collection and Processing
Identification
Nutritionally Variant Strains and Auxotypes
Antibiotic Susceptibility
Neisseria meningitidis
Infectious Process
Specimen Collection and Processing
Identification
Treatment and Prevention
Moraxella catarrhalis
Miscellaneous Neisseria
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
12 Enterobacteriaceae
Characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae
Serologic Characteristics
Isolation
Identification
Identification and Infections of Clinically Significant Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Pathogens
Tribe Klebsielleae (Genera Klebsiella, Raoultella, Enterobacter, Cronobacter, Serratia, Pantoea, and Hafnia)
Klebsiella and Raoultella
Enterobacter
Cronobacter
Serratia
Hafnia
Pantoea
Proteeae
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella
Citrobacter
Edwardsiella
Plesiomonas
Gastrointestinal Pathogens
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia
Miscellaneous Members of Enterobacteriaceae
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Treatment
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
13 Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli and Similar Bacteria
Characteristics of Nonfermenters
Isolation and Identification of Nonfermenters
Family Pseudomonadaceae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida
P. stutzeri and P. mendocina
Burkholderia
Ralstonia
Stenotrophomonas
Acinetobacter
Alcaligenes
Achromobacter
Moraxella
Oligella
Psychrobacter
Flavobacteriaceae
Bergeyella and Weeksella
Sphingomonas
Methylobacterium
Roseomonas
Shewanella
Chromobacterium
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Matching
Short Answer
Case Study
References
14 Vibrio, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, and Similar Organisms
Vibrio
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus
Vibrio alginolyticus
Other Vibrio
Aeromonas
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
15 Haemophilus, HACEK, Legionella, Bordetella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli
Haemophilus
Isolation
Identification
Haemophilus influenzae
Miscellaneous Haemophilus Species
HACEK Group
Capnocytophaga
Legionella
Specimen Collection, Isolation, and Identification
Bordetella
Virulence Factors and Infection
Specimen Collection and Identification
Prevention and Treatment
Brucella
Specimen Collection and Identification
Pasteurella
Francisella
Streptobacillus
Bartonella and Afipia
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
16 Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacteria
Bacillus
Non-Spore-Forming, Nonbranching, Catalase-Positive Gram-Positive Bacilli
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Non-Spore-Forming, Nonbranching, Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Bacilli
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Lactobacillus
Arcanobacterium and Trueperella
Gardnerella
Non-Spore-Forming, Branching Gram-Positive Bacilli
Aerotolerant Actinomyces
Aerobic Actinomycetes
Thermophilic Actinomycetes
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
17 Spirochetes
Borrelia
Relapsing Fever
Borrelia burgdorferi
Treponema
Treponema pallidum
Other Treponemes
Miscellaneous Treponemes
Leptospira
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
References
18 Anaerobes
Overview of Anaerobes
Oxygen Tolerance
Specimen Collection and Transport
Identification
Anaerobic Culture Media and Incubation
Culture Media
Incubation
Biochemical and Other Identification Methods
Clinically Relevant Anaerobes
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Spore-Forming Bacilli: Clostridium
Anaerobic, Gram-Positive, Non-Spore-Forming Bacilli
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Anaerobes
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
19 Mycobacterium
Classification
Specimen Collection
Specimen Processing
Direct Microscopic Methods: Staining
Culture Media and Incubation
Identification
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium africanum
Mycobacterium bovis
Other Members of the M. tuberculosis Complex
Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM)
Photochromogens
Scotochromogens
Nonphotochromogens
Rapid Growers
Non-Cultivatable NTM: Mycobacterium leprae
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
20 Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and Similar Organisms
Chlamydiaceae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydophila psittaci
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Rickettsiaceae
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia akari
Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia typhi
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Anaplasmataceae
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Coxiella
Mycoplasmataceae
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Study
References
21 Introduction to Clinical Mycology
Introduction to Mycology
Fungal Morphology and Reproduction
Classification
Specimen Collection
Identification Methods
Culture Media
Identification Methods
Microscopic Examination of Growth
Incubation and Macroscopic Morphology
Fungal Infections
Superficial Mycoses
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Systemic Mycoses: Dimorphic Fungi
Yeast and Yeast-Like Fungi
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Opportunistic Saprobic Fungi
Fungal Identification
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Case Studies
References
22 Introduction to Clinical Parasitology
Introduction and Definitions
Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasite Infections
Specimen Collection and Processing: Stool Specimens
Microscopic Examination
Immunodiagnosis and Molecular Testing
Protozoa
Intestinal Amoebae
Free-Living Amoebae
Intestinal Flagellates
Intestinal Ciliate
Intestinal Coccidia
Miscellaneous Protozoa
Sporozoa from Blood and Tissue
Plasmodium
Babesia
Hemoflagellates
Trypanosomes
Leishmania
Nematodes
Strongyloides stercoralis
Hookworms
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
Tissue Nematodes
Filarial Worms
Cestodes
Diphyllobothrium latum
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
Dipylidium caninum
Taenia saginata, T. solium, and T. asiatica
Echinococcus granulosus
Trematodes
Intestinal, Liver, and Lung Trematodes
Schistosomes or Blood Trematodes (Flukes)
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Case Study
References
23 Introduction to Clinical Virology
Viral Structure and Characteristics
Viral Replication
Specimen Collection and Processing
Laboratory Diagnosis of Viruses
Selected Medically Important Viruses
Hepatitis Viruses
Herpetoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Papillomaviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Parvovirus
Picornaviridae
Polyoma Virus
Poxviruses
Reoviridae
Retroviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Togarviridae
Review Questions
Matching
Multiple Choice
Case Studies
References
24 Clinical Specimens and Infections
Introduction
Primary Plating of Specimens
Blood Cultures and Bacteremia
Types and Causes of Bacteremia
Microorganisms Associated with Blood Infections
Cerebrospinal Fluid—Meningitis and Central Nervous System Infections
Respiratory Tract Specimens and Infections
Upper Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract
Eye and Ear Specimens and Infections
Urinary Tract Specimens and Infections
Gastrointestinal Tract Specimens and Infections
Genital Tract Specimens and Infections
Skin and Wound Specimens and Infections
Pleural, Peritoneal, Pericardial, and Synovial Fluids
Pleural Fluid
Peritoneal Fluid
Pericardial Fluid
Synovial Fluid
Review Questions
Case Studies
References
Appendix: Emerging Topics in Clinical Microbiology
Appendix A Biofilms
Appendix B Bioterrorism
Appendix C Antibiotic Stewardship
Appendix D Healthcare-Associated Infections
Appendix E Zoonotic Infections
Laboratory Exercises
Glossary
Index
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